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authorP. J. McDermott <pjm@nac.net>2012-04-01 03:42:44 (EDT)
committer P. J. McDermott <pjm@nac.net>2012-04-01 03:42:44 (EDT)
commit5a265a0ce6b1793a879bd227fa9b24ebd08fd15c (patch)
treef4d6b1a88fce8bfdd82cc543bce0747c508bc8bc /shell-workshop/session.html
parentc1c178db813ed76e433686a171884187e71b41bd (diff)
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Move UNIX shell workshop files under guides.
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-<h2>Shell Input</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ vim hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ cat hello.sh
-echo Hello world
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ sh hello.sh
-Hello world
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ sh -c 'echo Hello world'
-Hello world
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo Hello world
-Hello world
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Comments, Magic Number Behavior, and File Modes</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ vim hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ cat hello.sh
-#! /bin/sh
-# This is a comment
-echo Hello world
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ./hello.sh
--su: ./hello.sh: Permission denied
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls -l hello.sh
--rw-r--r-- 1 sh sh 48 Mar 30 13:26 hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ chmod a+x hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls -l hello.sh
--rwxr-xr-x 1 sh sh 48 Mar 30 13:26 hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ./hello.sh
-Hello world
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Field Splitting and Quoting</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ mkdir foo bar
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls
-bar foo hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ rmdir foo bar
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ mkdir foo\ bar
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls
-foo bar hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ rmdir foo\ bar
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls
-hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ mkdir 'foo bar
-&gt; baz'
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls
-foo bar?baz hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ rmdir 'foo bar
-&gt; baz'
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls
-hello.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ mkdir "foo bar baz"
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls
-foo bar baz hello.sh
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Tilde Expansion</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ~
-/home/sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls ~sh-foo
-another-directory another-file bar baz foo some-directory some-file
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls ~sh-foo/some-directory
-Hey, this is a cool file!
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Pathname Expansion</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ~sh-foo/*-file
-/home/sh-foo/another-file /home/sh-foo/some-file
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ~sh-foo/ba*/file
-/home/sh-foo/bar/file /home/sh-foo/baz/file
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ~sh-foo/ba[a-r]/file
-/home/sh-foo/bar/file
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ~sh-foo/ba[p-z]/file
-/home/sh-foo/bar/file /home/sh-foo/baz/file
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Parameter Assignment</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ myparam=foo
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ mynum=1
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Parameter Expansion</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${myparam}
-foo
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${nullparam:-default}
-default
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${#myparam}
-3
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ file=main.c
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${file%.c}.o
-main.o
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ dir=foo/bar/baz
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${dir##*/}
-baz
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Positional Parameters</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ vim pos-params.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ cat pos-params.sh
-#! /bin/sh
-echo ${1}
-echo ${2}
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ chmod a+x pos-params.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ./pos-params.sh foo
-foo
-
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ sh pos-params.sh foo bar baz
-foo
-bar
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Special Parameters</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ vim spec-params.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ cat spec-params.sh
-#! /bin/sh
-
-echo Number of positional parameters: ${#}
-echo Positional parameters: ${@}
-echo Script name: ${0}
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ sh spec-params.sh foo bar baz
-Number of positional parameters: 3
-Positional parameters: foo bar baz
-Script name: spec-params.sh
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Exit Statuses</h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ vim spec-params.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ cat spec-params.sh
-#! /bin/sh
-
-echo Number of positional parameters: ${#}
-echo Positional parameters: ${@}
-echo Script name: ${0}
-true
-echo ${?}
-false
-echo ${?}
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ sh spec-params.sh foo bar baz
-Number of positional parameters: 3
-Positional parameters: foo bar baz
-Script name: spec-params.sh
-0
-1
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Shell Variables and Links <code>.</code> and <code>..</code></h2>
-
-<pre><code>sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${HOME}
-/home/sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${PWD}
-/home/sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ ls
-foo bar baz hello.sh pos-params.sh spec-params.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ cd foo\ bar\ baz/
-sh@sleipnir1:~/foo bar baz$ echo ${PWD}
-/home/sh/foo bar baz
-sh@sleipnir1:~/foo bar baz$ ls .
-sh@sleipnir1:~/foo bar baz$ mkdir file1 file2
-sh@sleipnir1:~/foo bar baz$ ls .
-file1 file2
-sh@sleipnir1:~/foo bar baz$ ls ..
-foo bar baz hello.sh pos-params.sh spec-params.sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~/foo bar baz$ cd ..
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ echo ${PWD}
-/home/sh
-sh@sleipnir1:~$ PS1='$ '
-$ PS1='PROMPT&gt; '
-PROMPT&gt; echo Hello
-Hello
-PROMPT&gt; PS1='$ '
-$ echo Hello \
-&gt; World
-Hello World
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Command Substitution</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ filepath=$(basename ~sh-foo/bar/file)
-$ echo ${filepath}
-file
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Arithmetic Expansion</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ echo $((2+3))
-5
-$ echo $((0x10 + 4))
-20
-$ i=0
-$ i=$(($i + 1))
-$ echo ${i}
-1
-$ i=$(($i + 1))
-$ echo ${i}
-2
-$ i=$(($i + 1))
-$ echo ${i}
-3
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Simple Commands</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ i=0 echo Hello
-Hello
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Command Search and Execution</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ echo ${PATH}
-/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
-$ ./hello.sh
-Hello world
-$ hello.sh
--su: hello.sh: command not found
-$ ls
-foo bar baz hello.sh pos-params.sh spec-params.sh
-$ PATH=${PATH}:${HOME}
-$ echo ${PATH}
-/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games:/home/sh
-$ hello.sh
-Hello world
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Pipelines</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ ! true
-$ echo ${?}
-1
-$ ! false
-$ echo ${?}
-0
-$ true
-$ echo ${?}
-0
-$ false
-$ echo ${?}
-1
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Lists</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ false &amp;&amp; echo foo || echo bar
-bar
-$ true || echo foo &amp;&amp; echo bar
-bar
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2><code>test</code> Command and <code>if</code> Construct</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ [ foo = foo ] &amp;&amp; echo equal || echo not equal
-equal
-$ if [ foo = foo ]; then echo equal else echo not equal; fi
-equal else echo not equal
-$ if [ foo = foo ]; then echo equal; else echo not equal; fi
-equal
-$ if [ foo = foo ]; then
-&gt; echo equal
-&gt; else
-&gt; echo not equal
-&gt; fi
-equal
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2><code>while</code> Loop</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ i=0
-$ while [ ${i} -lt 5 ]; do
-&gt; echo ${i}
-&gt; i=$(($i + 1))
-&gt; done
-0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-$ vim param-loop.sh
-$ cat param-loop.sh
-while [ ${#} -gt 0 ]; do
- echo Parameter: ${1}
- shift
-done
-$ sh param-loop.sh foo bar baz
-Parameter: foo
-Parameter: bar
-Parameter: baz
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2><code>for</code> Loop</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ for param in foo bar baz; do
-&gt; echo ${param}
-&gt; done
-foo
-bar
-baz
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2><code>case</code> Construct</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ param=foo
-$ case ${param} in
-&gt; f*)
-&gt; echo starts with f
-&gt; ;;
-&gt; b*)
-&gt; echo starts with b
-&gt; ;;
-&gt; esac
-starts with f
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Functions</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ print_hello()
-&gt; {
-&gt; echo Hello world
-&gt; }
-$ print_hello
-Hello world
-$ print_params()
-&gt; {
-&gt; echo ${@}
-&gt; }
-$ print_params 1 2 3
-1 2 3
-</code></pre>
-
-<h2>Input/Output Redirection</h2>
-
-<pre><code>$ echo Hello world &gt; hello-file
-$ cat hello-file
-Hello world
-$ echo Hello world &gt; hello-file
-$ echo Hello world &gt; hello-file
-$ echo Hello world &gt; hello-file
-$ cat hello-file
-Hello world
-$ echo Hello world &gt;&gt; hello-file
-$ echo Hello world &gt;&gt; hello-file
-$ cat hello-file
-Hello world
-Hello world
-Hello world
-$ vim read-file.sh
-$ cat read-file.sh
-while read line; do
- echo Line: ${line}
-done &lt; myfile.txt
-$ sh read-file.sh
-Line: line one
-Line: line two
-Line: some other line
-$ vim read-file.sh
-$ cat read-file.sh
-while read field1 field2; do
- echo Line: ${field1}, ${field2}
-done &lt; myfile.txt
-$ sh read-file.sh
-Line: line, one
-Line: line, two
-Line: some, other line
-$ echo Hello world &gt; /dev/null
-$ sh -c not-a-command
-sh: 1: not-a-command: not found
-$ sh -c not-a-command 2&gt; /dev/null
-$ while read line; do
-&gt; echo Line: ${line}
-&gt; done &lt;&lt;EOF
-&gt; this is input
-&gt; some more input
-&gt; EOF
-Line: this is input
-Line: some more input
-</code></pre>