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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+
+ <style type="text/css">
+ @import url('../css/main.css');
+ </style>
+
+ <title>ThinkPad R400: flashing tutorial (BeagleBone Black)</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+ <div class="section">
+ <h1 id="pagetop">Flashing the R400 with a BeagleBone Black</h1>
+ <p>Initial flashing instructions for X200.</p>
+ <p>
+ This guide is for those who want libreboot on their ThinkPad R400
+ while they still have the original Lenovo BIOS present. This guide
+ can also be followed (adapted) if you brick your R400, to know how
+ to recover.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Before following this section, please make sure to setup your libreboot ROM properly first.
+ Although ROM images are provided pre-built in libreboot, there are some modifications that
+ you need to make to the one you chose before flashing. (instructions referenced later in
+ this guide)
+ </p>
+
+ <p><a href="index.html">Back to main index</a></p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section">
+
+ <h1 id="flashchips">Flash chips</h1>
+
+ <p>
+ There are two possible flash chip sizes for the R400: 4MiB
+ (32Mbit) or 8MiB (64Mbit). This can be identified by the type
+ of flash chip below the palmrest: 4MiB is SOIC-8 (8 pins), 8MiB
+ is SOIC-16 (16 pins). The X200S uses a WSON package and has the same
+ pinout as SOIC-8 (covered briefly later on in this guide) but
+ the chip is on the underside of the board (disassembly required).
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ <a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section">
+
+ <h1>Initial BBB setup</h1>
+
+ <p>
+ Refer to <a href="bbb_setup.html">bbb_setup.html</a> for how to
+ setup the BBB for flashing.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-16 (clip: Pomona 5252):
+ </p>
+<pre>
+POMONA 5252 (correlate with the BBB guide)
+=== ethernet jack and VGA port ====
+ NC - - 21
+ 1 - - 17
+ NC - - NC
+ NC - - NC
+ NC - - NC
+ NC - - NC
+ 18 - - 3.3V PSU RED
+ 22 - - NC - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
+=== SATA port ===
+<i>This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.</i>
+</pre>
+ <p>
+ The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-8 (clip: Pomona 5250):
+ </p>
+<pre>
+POMONA 5250 (correlate with the BBB guide)
+=== RAM slots ====
+ 18 - - 1
+ 22 - - NC
+ NC - - 21
+ 3.3V PSU RED - - 17 - this is pin 1 on the flash chip. in front of it is the screen.
+=== slot where the AC jack is connected ===
+</pre>
+
+ <h2>
+ Connect Pomona 5252/5250 to the R400 flash chip, and dump/flash
+ </h2>
+ <p>
+ <a href="images/r400/r400_pomona.jpg">images/r400/r400_pomona.jpg</a>
+ shows everything connected. In this picture, the R400 is being flashed
+ with the BBB.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ No disassembly instructions yet, unfortunately. Check videos online or
+ look at the Hardware Maintenance Manual from Lenovo for this machine.
+ You will need to completely disassemble the machine, removing the motherboard
+ from its metal shell.
+ Connect your 5252/5250 (make sure to get it the right way round).
+ Then connect the 3.3v PSU wire (red one) and make sure that everything else is connected.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I did (SSH'd into the BBB):<br/>
+ # <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512</b><br/>
+ In my case, the output was:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
+flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
+Calibrating delay loop... OK.
+Found Macronix flash chip &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot; (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
+Found Macronix flash chip &quot;MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E&quot; (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
+Found Macronix flash chip &quot;MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E&quot; (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
+Multiple flash chip definitions match the detected chip(s): &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot;, &quot;MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E&quot;, &quot;MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E&quot;
+Please specify which chip definition to use with the -c &lt;chipname&gt; option.
+</pre>
+ <p>
+ This is just to test that it's working. In my case, I had to define which chip to use, like so (in your case
+ it may be different, depending on what flash chip you have):<br/>
+ # <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -c &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot;</b>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ At this point, you need to create a copy of the original lenovo firmware that is currently flashed.
+ This is so that you can extract the gbe (gigabit ethernet) and flash descriptor regions for use in libreboot. <b>These
+ are not blobs, they only contain non-functional data (configuration details, fully readable) which is fully documented in public datasheets.</b>
+ The descriptor will need to be modified
+ to disable the ME (also disable AMT) so that you can flash a ROM that excludes it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ How to backup factory.rom (change the -c option as neeed, for your flash chip):<br/>
+ # <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -c &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot; -r factory.rom</b><br/>
+ # <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -c &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot; -r factory1.rom</b><br/>
+ # <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -c &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot; -r factory2.rom</b><br/>
+ Now compare the 3 images:<br/>
+ # <b>sha512sum factory*.rom</b><br/>
+ If the hashes match, then just copy one of them (the factory.rom) to a safe place (on a drive connected to another machine, not
+ the BBB). You will need it later for part of the deblobbing.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Information about the descriptor, gbe regions and how the ME was removed can be found in the notes linked at
+ <a href="../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html">../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html</a>. Libreboot ROM images now include
+ the 12KiB descriptor+gbe by default, generated using ich9gen;
+ <b>however, do note that the MAC address in the Gbe region is generic. Follow the instructions at
+ <a href="../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen">../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen</a> and do what it says to change the MAC address
+ inside your R400 ROM image, before flashing it.</b>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Assuming that your libreboot ROM image is properly setup (modified descriptor plus gbe region included in the ROM),
+ then you can flash (assuming that the filename is <b>libreboot.rom</b>) for example I had to do:<br/>
+ # <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -c &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot; -w libreboot.rom</b>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ You might see errors, but if it says <b>Verifying flash... VERIFIED</b> at the end, then it's flashed and should boot.
+ Test it! (boot your R400)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ My output when running the command above:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
+flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
+Calibrating delay loop... OK.
+Found Macronix flash chip &quot;MX25L6405(D)&quot; (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
+Reading old flash chip contents... done.
+Erasing and writing flash chip... FAILED at 0x00001000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x00, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x0000ffff: 0xd716
+ERASE FAILED!
+Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
+Erase/write done.
+Verifying flash... VERIFIED.
+</pre>
+
+ <p>
+ <a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="section">
+
+ <p>
+ Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015 Francis Rowe &lt;info@gluglug.org.uk&gt;<br/>
+ This document is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License and all future versions.
+ A copy of the license can be found at <a href="../license.txt">../license.txt</a>.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See <a href="../license.txt">../license.txt</a> for more information.
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+</body>
+</html>