1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style type="text/css">
@import url('../css/main.css');
</style>
<title>ThinkPad R400: flashing tutorial (BeagleBone Black)</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="pagetop">Flashing the R400 with a BeagleBone Black</h1>
<p>Initial flashing instructions for R400.</p>
<p>
This guide is for those who want libreboot on their ThinkPad R400
while they still have the original Lenovo BIOS present. This guide
can also be followed (adapted) if you brick your R400, to know how
to recover.
</p>
<p>
Before following this section, please make sure to setup your libreboot ROM properly first.
Although ROM images are provided pre-built in libreboot, there are some modifications that
you need to make to the one you chose before flashing. (instructions referenced later in
this guide)
</p>
<p><a href="index.html">Back to main index</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2 id="serial_port">Serial port</h2>
<p>
EHCI debug might not be needed. It has been reported that the docking station
for this laptop has a serial port, so it might be possible to use that instead.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cpu_compatibility">
<h1>A note about CPUs</h1>
<p>
<a href="http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Category:R400">ThinkWiki</a> has a list of CPUs
for this system. The Core 2 Duo P8400 and P8600 are believed to work in libreboot.
The Core 2 Duo T9600 was confirmed to work, so the T9400 probably also works.
<b>The Core 2 Duo T5870/5670 and Celeron M 575/585 are untested!</b>
</p>
<h2>Quad-core CPUs</h2>
<p>
Although blocked by lenovobios (as was reported), it is reported that there are quad-core CPUs
for GM45. This laptop has socketed CPUs, so it might be possible to use them
(they are untested in coreboot; support may have to be added).
Core 2 Quad Q9000, Q9100 or QX9300.
</p>
<p>
Look at this link:<br/>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_microprocessors#Quad-Core_Notebook_processors">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_microprocessors#Quad-Core_Notebook_processors</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="switchable_graphics">
<h1>A note about GPUs</h1>
<p>
Some models have an Intel GPU, while others have both an ATI and an Intel GPU; this
is referred to as "switchable graphics". In the <i>BIOS setup</i> programme
for lenovobios, you can specify that the system will use one or the other (but not both).
</p>
<p>
Libreboot is known to work on systems with only the Intel GPU, using native graphics initialization.
On systems with switchable graphics, the Intel GPU is used and the ATI GPU is disabled, so
native graphics initialization works all the same.
</p>
<h1>CPU paste required</h1>
<p>
See <a href="#paste">#paste</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="flashchips">Flash chips</h1>
<p>
There are two possible flash chip sizes for the R400: 4MiB
(32Mbit) or 8MiB (64Mbit). This can be identified by the type
of flash chip present: 4MiB is SOIC-8 (8 pins), 8MiB
is SOIC-16 (16 pins).
</p>
<p>
To easily identify which size chip is present, before fully disassemblying:<br>
# <b>dmidecode | grep ROM\ Size</b><br>
</p>
<pre>
# ROM Size: 8192 kB
</pre>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h1 id="macaddress">MAC address</h1>
<p>
On the R400, the MAC address for the onboard
gigabit ethernet chipset is stored inside the flash chip,
along with other configuration data.
</p>
<p>
Keep a note of the MAC address before disassembly; this is
very important, because you will need to insert this into
the libreboot ROM image before flashing it.
It will be written in one of these locations:
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/t400/macaddress0.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/macaddress1.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/x200/disassembly/0001.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h1>Initial BBB configuration</h1>
<p>
Refer to <a href="bbb_setup.html">bbb_setup.html</a> for how to
setup the BBB for flashing.
</p>
<p>
The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-16 (clip: Pomona 5252):
</p>
<pre>
POMONA 5252 (correlate with the BBB guide)
=== ethernet jack and VGA port ====
NC - - 21
1 - - 17
NC - - NC
NC - - NC
NC - - NC
NC - - NC
18 - - 3.3V (PSU)
22 - - NC - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
=== SATA port ===
<i>This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.</i>
</pre>
<p>
The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-8 (clip: Pomona 5250):
</p>
<pre>
POMONA 5250 (correlate with the BBB guide)
=== RAM slots ====
18 - - 1
22 - - NC
NC - - 21
3.3V (PSU) - - 17 - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
=== slot where the AC jack is connected ===
</pre>
<h2 id="disassembly">Disassembly</h2>
<p>
Remove all screws:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0000.jpg" alt="" /><br/>
Remove the HDD and optical drive:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0001.jpg" alt="" /><br/>
Remove the hinge screws:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0002.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0003.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the palm rest and keyboard:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0004.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0005.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove these screws, and then remove the bezel:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0006.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0007.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the speaker screws, but don't remove the speakers yet
(just set them loose):<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0008.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0009.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0010.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove these screws, and then remove the metal plate:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0011.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0012.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0013.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the antennas from the wifi card, and then
start unrouting them:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0014.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0015.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0016.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0017.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0018.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0019.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Disconnect the LCD cable from the motherboard:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0020.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0021.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0022.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0023.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the hinge screws, and then remove the LCD panel:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0024.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0025.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0026.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0027.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove this:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0028.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0029.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove this long cable (there are 3 connections):<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0030.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0031.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0032.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0033.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Disconnect the speaker cable, and remove the speakers:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0034.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the heatsink screws, remove the fan
and then remove the heatsink/fan:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0035.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0036.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0037.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0038.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the NVRAM battery:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0039.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0040.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove this screw:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0041.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0042.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Disconnect the AC jack:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0043.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0044.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove this screw and then remove what is under it:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0045.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove this:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0046.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Lift the motherboard (which is still inside the cage)
from the side on the right, removing it completely:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0047.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0048.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove all screws, marking each hole so that you know
where to re-insert them. You should place the screws in
a layout corresponding to the order that they were in
before removal:
<img src="images/r400/0049.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0050.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the motherboard from the cage, and the SPI flash
chip will be next to the memory slots:<br/>
<img src="images/r400/0051.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/r400/0052.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Connect your programmer, then connect GND and 3.3V<br/>
<img src="images/t400/0065.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0066.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0067.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0069.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0070.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0071.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
A dedicated 3.3V PSU was used to create this guide, but
at ATX PSU is also fine:<br/>
<img src="images/t400/0072.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Of course, make sure to turn on your PSU:<br/>
<img src="images/x200/disassembly/0013.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Now, you should be ready to install libreboot.
</p>
<p>
Flashrom binaries for ARM (tested on a BBB) are distributed in libreboot_util. Alternatively,
libreboot also distributes flashrom source code which can be built.
</p>
<p>
Log in as root on your BBB, using the instructions in <a href="bbb_setup.html#bbb_access">bbb_setup.html#bbb_access</a>.
</p>
<p>
Test that flashrom works:<br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512</b><br/>
In this case, the output was:
</p>
<pre>
flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
Calibrating delay loop... OK.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Multiple flash chip definitions match the detected chip(s): "MX25L6405(D)", "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E", "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E"
Please specify which chip definition to use with the -c <chipname> option.
</pre>
<p>
How to backup factory.rom (change the -c option as neeed, for your flash chip):<br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory.rom</b><br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory1.rom</b><br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory2.rom</b><br/>
Note: the <b>-c</b> option is not required in libreboot's patched flashrom, because
the redundant flash chip definitions in <i>flashchips.c</i> have been removed.<br/>
Now compare the 3 images:<br/>
# <b>sha512sum factory*.rom</b><br/>
If the hashes match, then just copy one of them (the factory.rom) to a safe place (on a drive connected to another machine, not
the BBB). This is useful for reverse engineering work, if there is a desirable behaviour in the original firmware
that could be replicated in coreboot and libreboot.
</p>
<p>
Follow the instructions at <a href="../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen">../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen</a>
to change the MAC address inside the libreboot ROM image, before flashing it.
Although there is a default MAC address inside the ROM image, this is not what you want. <b>Make sure
to always change the MAC address to one that is correct for your system.</b>
</p>
<p>
Now flash it:<br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -w path/to/libreboot/rom/image.rom -V</b>
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/x200/disassembly/0015.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
You might see errors, but if it says <b>Verifying flash... VERIFIED</b> at the end, then it's flashed and should boot.
If you see errors, try again (and again, and again); the message <b>Chip content is identical to the requested image</b>
is also an indication of a successful installation.
</p>
<p>
Example output from running the command (see above):
</p>
<pre>
flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
Calibrating delay loop... OK.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Reading old flash chip contents... done.
Erasing and writing flash chip... FAILED at 0x00001000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x00, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x0000ffff: 0xd716
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
Erase/write done.
Verifying flash... VERIFIED.
</pre>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos" id="paste">
<h1>Thermal paste (IMPORTANT)</h1>
<p>
Because part of this procedure involved removing the heatsink, you will need to apply new paste.
Arctic Silver 5 is ok. You will also need isopropyl alcohol and an anti-static cloth to clean with.
</p>
<p>
When re-installing the heatsink, you must first clean off all old paste with the alcohol/cloth.
Then apply new paste. AS5 is also much better than the default paste used on these machines.
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/t400/paste.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
NOTE: the photo above is for illustration purposes only, and does not show how to properly apply the thermal paste.
Other guides online detail the proper application procedure.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="wifi">Wifi</h1>
<p>
The R400 typically comes with an Intel wifi chipset, which does not
work without proprietary software. For a list of wifi chipsets that
work without proprietary software, see
<a href="../hcl/index.html#recommended_wifi">../hcl/index.html#recommended_wifi</a>.
</p>
<p>
Some R400 laptops might come with an Atheros chipset, but this is 802.11g only.
</p>
<p>
It is recommended that you install a new wifi chipset. This can only
be done after installing libreboot, because the original firmware has
a whitelist of approved chips, and it will refuse to boot if you
use an 'unauthorized' wifi card.
</p>
<p>
The following photos show an Atheros AR5B95 being installed, to
replace the Intel chip that this R400 came with:<br/>
<img src="images/t400/0012.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/ar5b95.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="wwan">WWAN</h1>
<p>
If you have a WWAN/3G card and/or sim card reader, remove them permanently.
The WWAN-3G card has DMA, and proprietary firmware inside; the technology is
identical to what is used in mobile phones, so it can also track your movements.
</p>
<p>
Not to be confused with wifi (wifi is fine).
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h1 id="memory">Memory</h1>
<p>
You need DDR3 SODIMM PC3-8500 RAM installed, in matching pairs
(speed/size). Non-matching pairs won't work. You can also install a
single module (meaning, one of the slots will be empty) in slot 0.
</p>
<p>
Make sure that the RAM you buy is the 2Rx8 density.
</p>
<p>
The following photo shows 8GiB (2x4GiB) of RAM installed:<br/>
<img src="images/t400/memory.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h2>
Boot it!
</h2>
<p>
You should see something like this:
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/t400/boot0.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/boot1.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Now <a href="../gnulinux/index.html">install GNU/Linux</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<p>
Copyright © 2014, 2015 Francis Rowe <info@gluglug.org.uk><br/>
Copyright © 2015 Chris Ryder <cdkr00@gmail.com><br/>
This document is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License and all future versions.
A copy of the license can be found at <a href="../cc-by-sa-4.txt">../cc-by-sa-4.txt</a>.
</p>
<p>
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See <a href="../cc-by-sa-4.txt">../cc-by-sa-4.txt</a> for more information.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
