Initial flashing instructions for T400.
This guide is for those who want libreboot on their ThinkPad T400 while they still have the original Lenovo BIOS present. This guide can also be followed (adapted) if you brick your T400, to know how to recover.
ThinkWiki has a list of CPUs for this system. The Core 2 Duo P8400, P8600 and P8700 are believed to work in libreboot. The P9500, 9550 and P9600 are untested!
This guide currently assumes that you have an Intel GPU (non-switchable). Some T400 have switchable graphics (ATI), which means that you can choose between ATI or Intel in the BIOS setup. When switching to Intel, is lenovobios not enabling ATI (where ATI is disabled by default and the system uses the Intel chip), or are they disabling it (where the system uses the ATI chip by default)?
Basically, switchable graphics is untested, but it should be easy to get it working (if it doesn't already work).
See #paste.
The T400 will use an 8MiB or 64Mb SOIC-16 chip (rare models will use a 4MiB or 32Mb SOIC-8 chip).
On the T400, the MAC address for the onboard gigabit ethernet chipset is stored inside the flash chip, along with other configuration data.
Keep a note of the MAC address before disassembly; this is very important, because you will need to insert this into the libreboot ROM image before flashing it. It will be written in one of these locations:
Refer to bbb_setup.html for how to configure the BBB for flashing.
The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-16 (clip: Pomona 5252):
POMONA 5252 (correlate with the BBB guide) === ethernet jack and VGA port ==== NC - - 21 1 - - 17 NC - - NC NC - - NC NC - - NC NC - - NC 18 - - 3.3V PSU RED 22 - - NC - this is pin 1 on the flash chip === SATA port === This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.
The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-8 (clip: Pomona 5250):
POMONA 5250 (correlate with the BBB guide) === RAM slots ==== 18 - - 1 22 - - NC NC - - 21 3.3V PSU RED - - 17 - this is pin 1 on the flash chip === slot where the AC jack is connected ===
TODO: ADD PHOTO
Remove all screws, placing them in the order that you removed them:
Remove those three screws then remove the rear bezel:
Remove the speakers:
Remove the wifi:
Remove this cable:
Unroute those antenna wires:
Remove the LCD assembly:
Disconnect the NVRAM battery:
Disconnect the fan:
Unscrew these:
Unscrew the heatsink, then left it off:
Disconnect the power jack:
Loosen this:
Remove this:
Unscrew these:
Remove this:
Unscrew this:
Remove the motherboard (the cage is still attached) from
the right hand side, then lift it out:
Remove these screws, placing the screws in the same layout
and marking each screw hole (so that you know what ones
to put the screws back into later):
Separate the motherboard:
Connect your programmer, then connect GND and 3.3V
A dedicated 3.3V PSU was used to create this guide, but
at ATX PSU is also fine:
Of course, make sure to turn on your PSU:
Now, you should be ready to install libreboot.
Flashrom binaries for ARM (tested on a BBB) are distributed in libreboot_util. Alternatively, libreboot also distributes flashrom source code which can be built.
Log in as root on your BBB, using the instructions in bbb_setup.html#bbb_access.
Test that flashrom works:
# ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512
In this case, the output was:
flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l) flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org Calibrating delay loop... OK. Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi. Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi. Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi. Multiple flash chip definitions match the detected chip(s): "MX25L6405(D)", "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E", "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E" Please specify which chip definition to use with the -c <chipname> option.
How to backup factory.rom (change the -c option as neeed, for your flash chip):
# ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory.rom
# ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory1.rom
# ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory2.rom
Note: the -c option is not required in libreboot's patched flashrom, because
the redundant flash chip definitions in flashchips.c have been removed.
Now compare the 3 images:
# sha512sum factory*.rom
If the hashes match, then just copy one of them (the factory.rom) to a safe place (on a drive connected to another machine, not
the BBB). This is useful for reverse engineering work, if there is a desirable behaviour in the original firmware
that could be replicated in coreboot and libreboot.
Follow the instructions at ../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen to change the MAC address inside the libreboot ROM image, before flashing it. Although there is a default MAC address inside the ROM image, this is not what you want. Make sure to always change the MAC address to one that is correct for your system.
Now flash it:
# ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -w path/to/libreboot/rom/image.rom -V
You might see errors, but if it says Verifying flash... VERIFIED at the end, then it's flashed and should boot. If you see errors, try again (and again, and again); the message Chip content is identical to the requested image is also an indication of a successful installation.
Example output from running the command (see above):
flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l) flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org Calibrating delay loop... OK. Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi. Reading old flash chip contents... done. Erasing and writing flash chip... FAILED at 0x00001000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x00, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x0000ffff: 0xd716 ERASE FAILED! Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function. Erase/write done. Verifying flash... VERIFIED.
Because part of this procedure involved removing the heatsink, you will need to apply new paste. Arctic Silver 5 is ok. You will also need isopropyl alcohol and an anti-static cloth to clean with.
When re-installing the heatsink, you must first clean off all old paste with the alcohol/cloth. Then apply new paste. AS5 is also much better than the default paste used on these machines.
The T400 typically comes with an Intel wifi chipset, which does not work without proprietary software. For a list of wifi chipsets that work without proprietary software, see ../hcl/index.html#recommended_wifi.
Some T400 laptops might come with an Atheros chipset, but this is 802.11g only.
It is recommended that you install a new wifi chipset. This can only be done after installing libreboot, because the original firmware has a whitelist of approved chips, and it will refuse to boot if you use an 'unauthorized' wifi card.
The following photos show an Atheros AR5B95 being installed, to
replace the Intel chip that this T400 came with:
You need DDR3 SODIMM PC3-8500 RAM installed, in matching pairs (speed/size). Non-matching pairs won't work. You can also install a single module (meaning, one of the slots will be empty) in slot 0.
The following photo shows 8GiB (2x4GiB) of RAM installed:
Copyright © 2015 Francis Rowe <info@gluglug.org.uk>
This document is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License and all future versions.
A copy of the license can be found at ../license.txt.
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See ../license.txt for more information.
