From 95259e28ef047923258434898113d70c8e544eab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Francis Rowe Date: Fri, 06 Nov 2015 17:43:29 -0500 Subject: convert documentation to texinfo --- (limited to 'docs/install/x200_external.html') diff --git a/docs/install/x200_external.html b/docs/install/x200_external.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1d1e583..0000000 --- a/docs/install/x200_external.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,475 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - ThinkPad X200: flashing tutorial (BeagleBone Black) - - - - -
-

Flashing the X200 with a BeagleBone Black

-

Initial flashing instructions for X200.

-

- This guide is for those who want libreboot on their ThinkPad X200 - while they still have the original Lenovo BIOS present. This guide - can also be followed (adapted) if you brick your X200, to know how - to recover. -

- - - -

Back to main index

-
- -
- -

X200 laptops with libreboot pre-installed

- -

- If you don't want to install libreboot yourself, companies exist that sell these laptops - with libreboot pre-installed, along with a free GNU/Linux distribution. -

-

- Check the suppliers page for more information. -

- -
- -
- -

Flash chip size

- -

- Use this to find out:
- # dmidecode | grep ROM\ Size -

- -

- The X200S and X200 Tablet will use a WSON-8 flash chip, on the - bottom of the motherboard (this requires removal of the - motherboard). Not all X200S/X200T are supported; - see ../hcl/x200.html#x200s. -

- -

- Back to top of page. -

- -
- -
- -

MAC address

- -

- On the X200/X200S/X200T, the MAC address for the onboard - gigabit ethernet chipset is stored inside the flash chip, - along with other configuration data. -

-

- Keep a note of the MAC address before disassembly; this is - very important, because you will need to insert this into - the libreboot ROM image before flashing it. - It will be written in one of these locations: -

- -

- - -

- -
- -
- -

Initial BBB configuration

- -

- Refer to bbb_setup.html for how to - set up the BBB for flashing. -

- -

- The following shows how to connect the clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-16 (clip: Pomona 5252): -

-
-POMONA 5252 (correlate with the BBB guide)
-===  front (display) on your X200 ====
- NC              -       - 21
- 1               -       - 17
- NC              -       - NC
- NC              -       - NC
- NC              -       - NC
- NC              -       - NC
- 18              -       - 3.3V (PSU)
- 22              -       - NC - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
-===  back (palmrest) on your X200 ===
-This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.
-Here is a photo of the SOIC-16 flash chip. Pins are labelled:

-			
-
-

- The following shows how to connect the clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-8 (clip: Pomona 5250): -

-
-POMONA 5250 (correlate with the BBB guide)
-===  left side of the X200 (where the VGA port is) ====
- 18              -       - 1
- 22              -       - NC
- NC              -       - 21
- 3.3V (PSU)      -       - 17 - this is pin 1 on the flash chip. in front of it is the screen.
-===  right side of the X200 (where the audio jacks are) ===
-This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.
-Here is a photo of the SOIC-8 flash chip. The pins are labelled:

-
-
-Look at the pads in that photo, on the left and right. Those are for SOIC-16. Would it be possible to remove the SOIC-8 and solder a SOIC-16
-chip on those pins?
-
-

- On the X200S and X200 Tablet the flash chip is underneath the board, in a WSON package. - The pinout is very much the same as a SOIC-8, except you need to solder (there are no clips available).
- The following image shows how this is done:
- -
- In this image, a pin header was soldered onto the WSON. Another solution might be to de-solder the WSON-8 chip and put a SOIC-8 there instead. - Check the list of SOIC-8 flash chips at ../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#flashchips but - do note that these are only 4MiB (32Mb) chips. The only X200 SPI chips with 8MiB capacity are SOIC-16. For 8MiB capacity in this case, - the X201 SOIC-8 flash chip (Macronix 25L6445E) might work. -

- -

- The procedure -

-

- This section is for the X200. This does not apply to the X200S or X200 Tablet - (for those systems, you have to remove the motherboard completely, since - the flash chip is on the other side of the board). -

-

- Remove these screws:
- -

-

- Push the keyboard forward, gently, then lift it off and - disconnect it from the board:
- - -

-

- Pull the palm rest off, lifting from the left and right side at the back of the - palm rest:
- -

-

- Lift back the tape that covers a part of the flash chip, and - then connect the clip:
- - -

-

- On pin 2 of the BBB, where you have the ground (GND), connect the - ground to your PSU:
- - -

-

- Connect the 3.3V supply from your PSU to the flash chip (via - the clip):
- - -

-

- Of course, make sure that your PSU is also plugged in and - turn on:
- -

-

- This tutorial tells you to use an ATX PSU, for the 3.3V DC - supply. The PSU used when taking these photos is actually - not an ATX PSU, but a PSU that is designed specifically - for providing 3.3V DC (an ATX PSU will also work):
- -

-

- Now, you should be ready to install libreboot. -

-

- Flashrom binaries for ARM (tested on a BBB) are distributed in libreboot_util. Alternatively, - libreboot also distributes flashrom source code which can be built. -

-

- Log in as root on your BBB, using the instructions in - bbb_setup.html#bbb_access. -

- -

- Test that flashrom works:
- # ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512
- In this case, the output was: -

-
-flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
-flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
-Calibrating delay loop... OK.
-Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
-Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
-Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
-Multiple flash chip definitions match the detected chip(s): "MX25L6405(D)", "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E", "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E"
-Please specify which chip definition to use with the -c <chipname> option.
-
-

- How to backup factory.rom (change the -c option as neeed, for your flash chip):
- # ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory.rom
- # ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory1.rom
- # ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory2.rom
- Note: the -c option is not required in libreboot's patched flashrom, because - the redundant flash chip definitions in flashchips.c have been removed.
- Now compare the 3 images:
- # sha512sum factory*.rom
- If the hashes match, then just copy one of them (the factory.rom) to a safe place (on a drive connected to another system, not - the BBB). This is useful for reverse engineering work, if there is a desirable behaviour in the original firmware - that could be replicated in coreboot and libreboot. -

-

- Follow the instructions at ../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen - to change the MAC address inside the libreboot ROM image, before flashing it. - Although there is a default MAC address inside the ROM image, this is not what you want. Make sure - to always change the MAC address to one that is correct for your system. -

-

- Now flash it:
- # ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -w path/to/libreboot/rom/image.rom -V -

-

- -

-

- You might see errors, but if it says Verifying flash... VERIFIED at the end, then it's flashed and should boot. - If you see errors, try again (and again, and again); the message Chip content is identical to the requested image - is also an indication of a successful installation. -

-

- Example output from running the command (see above): -

-
-flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
-flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
-Calibrating delay loop... OK.
-Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
-Reading old flash chip contents... done.
-Erasing and writing flash chip... FAILED at 0x00001000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x00, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x0000ffff: 0xd716
-ERASE FAILED!
-Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
-Erase/write done.
-Verifying flash... VERIFIED.
-
- -

- Back to top of page. -

- -
- -
- -

Wifi

- -

- The X200 typically comes with an Intel wifi chipset, which does not - work without proprietary software. For a list of wifi chipsets that - work without proprietary software, see - ../hcl/index.html#recommended_wifi. -

- -

- Some X200 laptops come with an Atheros chipset, but this is 802.11g only. -

- -

- It is recommended that you install a new wifi chipset. This can only - be done after installing libreboot, because the original firmware has - a whitelist of approved chips, and it will refuse to boot if you - use an 'unauthorized' wifi card. -

- -

- The following photos show an Atheros AR5B95 being installed, to - replace the Intel chip that this X200 came with:
- - -

- -
- -
- -

WWAN

-

- If you have a WWAN/3G card and/or sim card reader, remove them permanently. - The WWAN-3G card has proprietary firmware inside; the technology is - identical to what is used in mobile phones, so it can also track your movements. -

-

- Not to be confused with wifi (wifi is fine). -

- -
- -
- -

Memory

- -

- You need DDR3 SODIMM PC3-8500 RAM installed, in matching pairs - (speed/size). Non-matching pairs won't work. You can also install a - single module (meaning, one of the slots will be empty) in slot 0. -

- -

- Make sure that the RAM you buy is the 2Rx8 density. -

- -

- In this photo, 8GiB of RAM (2x4GiB) is installed:
- -

- -
- -
- -

- Boot it! -

-

- You should see something like this: -

-

- -

- -

- Now install GNU/Linux. -

- -
- -
-

- X200S and X200 Tablet users: GPIO33 trick will not work. -

-

- sgsit found out about a pin called GPIO33, which can be grounded to disable the flashing protections - by the descriptor and stop the ME from starting (which itself interferes with flashing attempts). - The theory was proven correct; however, it is still useless in practise. -

-

- Look just above the 7 in TP37 (that's GPIO33):
- -

-

- By default we would see this in lenovobios, when trying flashrom -p internal -w rom.rom: -

-
-FREG0: Warning: Flash Descriptor region (0x00000000-0x00000fff) is read-only.
-FREG2: Warning: Management Engine region (0x00001000-0x005f5fff) is locked.
-
-

- With GPIO33 grounded during boot, this disabled the flash protections as set - by descriptor, and stopped the ME from starting. The output changed to: -

-
-The Flash Descriptor Override Strap-Pin is set. Restrictions implied by
-the Master Section of the flash descriptor are NOT in effect. Please note
-that Protected Range (PR) restrictions still apply.
-
-

- The part in bold is what got us. This was still observed: -

-
-PR0: Warning: 0x007e0000-0x01ffffff is read-only.
-PR4: Warning: 0x005f8000-0x005fffff is locked.
-
- -

- It is actually possible to disable these protections. Lenovobios does, - when updating the BIOS (proprietary one). One possible way to go about this - would be to debug the BIOS update utility from Lenovo, to find out - how it's disabling these protections. Some more research is available here: - http://www.coreboot.org/Board:lenovo/x200/internal_flashing_research -

- -

- On a related note, libreboot has a utility that could help with investigating this: - ../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#demefactory -

-
- -
- -

- Copyright © 2014, 2015 Francis Rowe <info@gluglug.org.uk>
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document - under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 - or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; - with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. - A copy of the license can be found at ../gfdl-1.3.txt -

- -

- Updated versions of the license (when available) can be found at - https://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.html -

- -

- UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE - EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS - AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF - ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, - IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, - WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR - PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, - ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT - KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT - ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. -

-

- TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE - TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, - NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, - INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, - COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR - USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN - ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR - DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR - IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. -

-

- The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided - above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent - possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and - waiver of all liability. -

- -
- - - -- cgit v0.9.1